Ngai Tahu Settlement

ATTACHMENT 12.134

TOPUNI FOR TUTOKO

(Clause 12.5)

1

Description of Area

The area over which the Topuni is to be created is the mountain known as
Tutoko located in Fiordland National Park, as shown on Allocation Plan MS 3 (SO
Plan12231).

2

Preamble

Pursuant to section [ ] of the Settlement Legislation (clause 12.5.3 of the
Deed of Settlement), the Crown acknowledges Te Runanga's statement of Ngai
Tahu's cultural, spiritual, historic and/or traditional values relating to
Tutoko as set out below.

3

Te Runanga's Statement of Ngai Tahu Values Relating to Area

3.1

The Fiordland area - within which Tutoko stands - represents, in tradition,
the raised up sides of Te Waka o Aoraki, after it foundered on a submerged reef
and its occupants, Aoraki and his brothers, were turned to stone. These people
are now manifested in the highest peaks in Ka Tiritiri o Te Moana (the Southern
Alps). The fiords at the southern end of the Alps were carved out of the raised
side of the wrecked Waka o Aoraki by Tu Te Rakiwhanoa, in an effort to make the
waka (canoe) habitable by humans. The deep gorges and long waterways that are
the fiords were provided as safe havens on this rugged coast, and stocked with
fish, forest and birds to sustain humans.

3.2

For Ngai Tahu, traditions such as this represent the links between the
cosmological world of the Gods and present generations, these histories
reinforce tribal identity and solidarity, and continuity between generations,
and document the events that have shaped the environment of Te Wai Pounamu and
Ngai Tahu as an iwi.

3.3

Tutoko is not, in fact, the original name of the maunga (mountain), but was
applied by Dr J. Hector in 1863 after he met the old rangatira (chief) Tutoko
and his two daughters, Sara and May. The hills to the north of the Kotuku River
are named the Sara Hills, and those to the south May Hills, after these
daughters. The use of this name is seen as appropriate to Ngai Tahu, as Tutoko
was an important rangatira of this region at that time, and is represented by
the mountain.

3.4

Tutoko is the kaitiaki (guardian) of Whakatipuwaitai, the westernmost
creation of Rakaihautu and the southernmost kainga (settlement) of Te Tai
Poutini (West Coast) pounamu trails, which provides access to koko-tangiwai (a
type of pounamu) at Piopiotahi (Milford Sound) and Poison Bay further to the
south. The kainga was also an important staging post for travel into the Lake
Wakatipu area via the Hollyford Valley. All of these trails, whether by land or
by sea, lie under the shadow of Mt Tutoko .

3.5

The tupuna had considerable knowledge of whakapapa, traditional trails and
tauranga waka, places for gathering kai and other taonga, ways in which to use
the resources of the land, the relationship of people with the land and their
dependence on it and tikanga for the proper and sustainable utilisation of
resources. All of these values remain important to Ngai Tahu today.

3.6

Mountains such as Tutoko are linked in whakapapa to the Gods, and being the
closest earthly elements to Raki the sky father, they are likened to the
children of Raki and Papa, reaching skyward. The mauri of Tutoko represents the
essence that binds the physical and spiritual elements of all things together,
generating and upholding all life. All elements of the natural environment
possess a life force, and all forms of life are related. Mauri is a critical
element of the spiritual relationship of Ngai Tahu Whanui with the land.

4

Specific Principles Relating to Area

The following specific principles are directed at the Minister of
Conservation avoiding harm to, or the diminishing of, the Ngai Tahu Values
related to the Topuni:

(a)

Encouragement of respect for Ngai Tahu's association with Tutoko;

(b)

Accurate portrayal of Ngai Tahu's association with Tutoko; and

(c)

Recognition of Ngai Tahu's relationship with wahi tapu and wahi taonga,
including archaeological sites.

5

Actions by the Director-General of Conservation in relation to the
Specific Principles

Pursuant to clause 12.5.10 of the Deed of Settlement, the
Director-General has determined that the following actions will be taken by the
Department of Conservation in relation to the specific principles:

(a)

Encouragement of respect for Ngai Tahu's association with Tutoko

Staff, conservation board members, concessionaires and the public will be
provided with information about the Ngai Tahu values and the existence of the
Topuni over Tutoko;

Educational material will be made available to climbers and all climbing
guides explaining that, to Ngai Tahu, standing on the very top of the mountain
denigrates its tapu status;

A review of conditions to be applied generally to new concessions will be
undertaken;

The removal of all rubbish and wastes from Tutoko will be encouraged;

The Department will ensure, as far as reasonably practicable, that it
disposes of waste, particularly human waste, in a way that minimises the risk of
contamination of waterways; and

Te Runanga will be consulted about the siting and design of new huts or other
buildings, and particular regard had to its views.

(b)

Accurate portrayal of Ngai Tahu's association with Tutoko

The Department will ensure, as far as reasonably practicable that Ngai Tahu's
association with Tutoko is accurately portrayed in all of its new public
information and interpretative material; and

The Department will consult with Te Runanga in the provision of its new
public information or interpretative material, and as far as reasonably
practicable will only use Ngai Tahu cultural information with the consent of Te
Runanga.

(c)

Recognition of Ngai Tahu's relationship with wahi tapu and wahi taonga,
including archaeological sites

Significant earthworks and disturbances of soil and/or vegetation will be
avoided wherever possible; and

Where significant earthworks and disturbances of soil and/or vegetation
cannot be avoided, Te Runanga will be consulted and have particular regard will
be had to its relevant policies, including those relating to Koiwi Tangata
(unidentified human remains) and Archaeological and Rock Art Sites.

ATTACHMENT 12.135

TOPUNI FOR PIKIRAKATAHI (MOUNT EARNSLAW)

(Clause 12.5)

1

Description of Area

The area over which the Topuni is to be created is the area known as
Pikirakatahi (Mount Earnslaw), as shown on Allocation Plan MS 4 (SO Plan24666).

2

Preamble

Pursuant to section [ ] of the Settlement Legislation (clause 12.5.3 of the
Deed of Settlement), the Crown acknowledges Te Runanga's statement of Ngai
Tahu's cultural, spiritual, historic and/or traditional values relating to
Pikirakatahi (Mount Earnslaw) as set out below.

3

Te Runanga's Statement of Ngai Tahu Values Relating to Area

The creation of Pikirakatahi (Mt Earnslaw) relates in time to Te Waka o
Aoraki, and the efforts of Tu Te Rakiwhanoa. It is said that during its
formation a wedge of pounamu was inserted into this mountain, which is the
highest and most prominent peak in this block of mountains. The mountain is also
linked to the travels of Rakaihautu, who dug out the great lakes of the interior
with his ko (digging stick), known as Tu Whakaroria (and renamed Tuhiraki at the
conclusion of the expedition).

The origins of the name 'Pikirakatahi' have been lost, but it is known that
many places and physical features have more than one name, reflecting the
traditions of the successive iwi who peopled the land. It is, however, likely
that the name relates to Rakaihautu or subsequent people, as most of the
prominent lakes, rivers and mountains of the interior take their name from the
journey of Rakaihautu.

For Ngai Tahu, traditions such as this represent the links between the
cosmological world of the Gods and present generations, these histories
reinforce tribal identity and solidarity, and continuity between generations,
and document the events which shaped the environment of Te Wai Pounamu and Ngai
Tahu as an iwi.

Pikirakatahi was of crucial significance to the many generations that
journeyed to that end of Whakatipu-wai-maori (Lake Wakatipu) and beyond. Staging
camps for the retrieval of pounamu were located at the base of the mountain,
while semi-permanent settlements related to the pounamu trade were located
closer to the lake.

Pikirakatahi stands as kaitiaki (guardian) over the pounamu resource and
represented the end of a trail, with the tohu (marker) to the pounamu resource
sitting opposite on Koroka (Cosmos Peak). The tupuna (ancestors) had
considerable knowledge of whakapapa, traditional trails, places for gathering
kai (food) and other taonga, ways in which to use the resources of the land, the
relationship of people with the land and their dependence on it and tikanga for
the proper and sustainable utilisation of resources. All of these values remain
important to Ngai Tahu today.

The retrieval of large amounts of pounamu from this source, so far inland and
over a range of physical barriers, attests to the importance of this resource to
the economy and customs of the iwi over many generations. The people would also
gather native birds for kai, and firewood with which to cook and provide warmth,
from the forests covering the lower flanks of Pikirakatahi. Strategic marriages
between hapu strengthened the kupenga (net) of whakapapa and thus rights to use
the resources of the mountain. It is because of these patterns of activity that
Pikirakatahi continues to be important to runanga located in Otago, Murihiku and
beyond. These runanga carry the responsibilities of kaitiaki in relation to the
area, and are represented by the tribal structure, Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu.

The mauri of Pikirakatahi represents the essence that binds the physical and
spiritual elements of all things together, generating and upholding all life.
All elements of the natural environment possess a life force, and all forms of
life are related. Mauri is a critical element of the spiritual relationship of
Ngai Tahu Whanui with Pikirakatahi.

4

Specific Principles Relating to Area

The following specific principles are directed at the Minister of
Conservation avoiding harm to, or the diminishing of, the Ngai Tahu Values
related to the Topuni:

(a)

Encouragement of respect for Ngai Tahu's association with Pikirakatahi;

(b)

Accurate portrayal of Ngai Tahu's association with Pikirakatahi;

(c)

Recognition of Ngai Tahu's relationship with wahi tapu and wahi taonga,
including archaeological sites.

5

Actions by the Director-General of Conservation in relation to the
Specific Principles

Pursuant to clause 11.12.9 of the Deed of Settlement, the Director-General
has determined that the following actions will be taken by the Department of
Conservation in relation to the specific principles:

(a)

Encouragement of respect for Ngai Tahu's association with
Pikirakatahi

Staff, conservation board members, concessionaires and the public will be
provided with information about the Ngai Tahu values and the existence of the
Topuni over Pikirakatahi;

A review of conditions to be applied generally to new concessions will be
undertaken;

The removal of all rubbish and wastes from Pikirakatahi will be encouraged;

The Department will ensure, as far as reasonably practicable, that it
disposes of waste, particularly human waste, in a way that minimises the risk of
contamination of waterways; and

Te Runanga will be consulted about the siting and design of new huts or other
buildings, and particular regard had to its views.

(b)

Accurate portrayal of Ngai Tahu's association with Pikirakatahi

The Department will ensure, as far as reasonably practicable, that Ngai
Tahu's association with Pikirakatahi is accurately portrayed in all of its new
public information and interpretative material; and

The Department will consult with Te Runanga in the provision of its new
public information or interpretative material, and as far as reasonably
practicable, will only use Ngai Tahu cultural information with the consent of Te
Runanga.

(c)

Recognition of Ngai Tahu's relationship with wahi tapu and wahi taonga,
including archaeological sites

Significant earthworks and disturbances of soil and/or vegetation will be
minimised wherever possible; and

Where significant earthworks and disturbances of soil and/or vegetation
cannot be avoided, Te Runanga will be consulted and particular regard will be
had to its relevant policies, including those relating to Koiwi Tangata
(unidentified human remains) and Archaeological and Rock Art Sites.